Part1: What is Sophora Root Extract?
Sophora flavescens extract is the extract of leguminous plant Sophora flavescens, the main active ingredient oxymatrine content is more than 98%. It has the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, killing insects and diuretic. It is used for hot dysentery, blood in the stool, jaundice and urinary retention, red vaginal discharge, vaginal swelling and itching, eczema, eczema, skin itching, scabies and leprosy, and external treatment of trichomonas vaginitis. [Base source] The root of the legume Sophora flavescens Ait. Excavated in autumn, removed fibrous roots and impurities, and sun-dried. [Alias] wild locust, ground locust, bitter bone, ground bone, Sichuan ginseng, bovine ginseng, phoenix claw, bitter , dodder locust, water locust. [Plant form] Deciduous subshrub, 80-120 cm high. The root is cylindrical, the outer skin is yellow, the section is yellow-white, and the taste is extremely bitter. Odd-pinnate compound leaves, 20-25 cm long, alternate; with 11-19 leaflets, leaf blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-4 cm long, 1.2-2 cm wide, apex acuminate, base rounded, Short-stalked, entire, abaxially densely pilose; stipules linear. Racemes terminal, short-haired, bracts linear; calyx campanulate, flat, 6-7 mm long, 5-lobed; corolla butterfly-shaped, pale yellowish white; flag petals spatulate, wing petals without ears, and keel Petals equal; stamens 10, filaments separated; ovary peduncles finely tomentose. The pods are strip-shaped, with a long beak at the apex, constricted between the seeds, and slightly inconspicuous rosary-shaped. The flowering period is June-August, and the fruiting period is August-September.
Part2: What's the pharmacological action of Sophora Root Extract?
1.Protect the gastric mucosa
Sophora flavescens extract has obvious protective effect on gastric mucosal damage caused by hydrochloric acid, ethanol and indomethacin, and its main components are flavanones. Recent studies have shown that matrine is also one of the effective components of Sophora flavescens to resist gastric mucosal damage. It has obvious effects on gastric mucosal damage caused by stress, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, and indomethacin in rats. Protective effects. It indicates that Sophora flavescens may have a certain anti-ulcer effect.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect
Matrine has obvious anti-inflammatory effects on acute exudative inflammation caused by various pro-inflammatory agents (croton oil, glacial acetic acid, carrageenan, egg white), similar to hydrocortisone. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism has nothing to do with the pituitary-adrenal cortex system, and matrine still has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on the adrenalectomy mice. Studies have shown that this product has non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug properties. In addition, matrine has a stabilizing effect on erythrocyte membrane, and drugs that have a stabilizing effect on erythrocyte often have a stabilizing effect on lysosomal membrane, thereby reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and achieving anti-inflammatory purposes.
3. Anti-tumor effect
Matrine mice were injected intraperitoneally with 500 μg/day, and the survival rate was 40%, while the control group all died within 23 days. Oxymatrine has no effect on this. Matrine has the effect of reducing mouse peritoneal macrophages and inhibiting the proliferation of P815 tumor cells in vitro. Sophocarpine also has anticancer activity. Matrine, oxymatrine, sophocarpine and their mixed A, B, C bases in different proportions have different degrees of inhibition on S180 solid tumors. Matrine has a significant inhibitory effect on the colony generation rate of peripheral polytropic hematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sophora flavescens decoction acts on human promyelocytic leukemia cells cultured in vitro, and can significantly induce the differentiation of leukemia cells into mononuclear macrophages.
4. The effect of increasing white blood cells
Oxymatrine can prevent mouse leukopenia caused by MMC and cyclophosphamide. Intravenous or intramuscular injection of total matrine and oxymatrine can significantly increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells in normal rabbits , and the effective time, maintenance time and peak white blood cell count of oxymatrine on the whitening effect of normal rabbits are basically the same as those of total alkaloids within 18 days after administration, and the whitening effect is better than that of shark liver. alcohol.
5. Effects on the cardiovascular system
Intravenous injection of matrine and oxymatrine significantly antagonized aconitine- and chloroform-adrenaline-induced arrhythmias in rats; intraperitoneal injection significantly antagonized chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice and also increased aconitine-induced arrhythmias in rats The required dose is used to fight against barium chloride-induced arrhythmia in rats and arrhythmia induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in rats.
6. Asthma and expectorant effect
Matrine mainly produces anti-asthmatic effects by excitating beta receptors, especially excitatory central beta receptors, relieving bronchospasm and inhibiting the release of antibodies and slow-reacting substances.
7. Stabilizing effect
The total alkaloids of matrine can obviously inhibit the free activities of mice; significantly inhibit the passive activities of mice; high doses can inhibit the fighting and aggressive behavior of lonely mice.
8. Anti-allergic effect
Matrine can reduce the release of allergic mediators, and its concentration that inhibits 50% of OT cell proliferation is 0.55-0.56 mg/ml; the concentration that inhibits IL-2 production is 0.1 mg/kg.
9. Immunosuppressive effects
Matrine and oxymatrine have inhibitory effects on the immune function of mice.
10. Antifungal effect
Sophora flavescens decoction has inhibitory effect on common skin fungi.
11. Antibacterial effect
Sophora flavescens extract has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.
12. Effects on the central nervous system
When matrine was injected into rabbits, it was found that the central nervous system was paralyzed, convulsions occurred at the same time, and eventually breathing stopped and died. When injected into frogs, it is excited at first, then paralyzed, breathing becomes slow and irregular, and then convulsions occur, resulting in respiratory arrest and death. The seizures may be caused by hyperreflexia of the spinal cord.
13. Antiarrhythmic effect
Sophora flavescens has a good antagonistic effect on arrhythmia caused by aconitine, sympathetic amine and digitalis poisoning, and its effect is similar to that of quinidine. That is, by affecting the potassium and sodium conduction system of the myocardial cell membrane, the absolute refractory period of the myocardium is prolonged and the stress is reduced, thereby inhibiting the ectopic pacemaker and exerting an anti-arrhythmic effect. Its active ingredient is initially proved to be the alkaloid part it contains. Because Sophora flavescens has no effect on the contractility and heart rate of the in vivo frog heart and rat, and does not increase myocardial oxygen consumption and aggravate heart failure and shock, it is worthy of attention when used for ischemic heart disease.
14. Toxic effects
Excessive oral intake of Sophora flavescens can cause poisoning. The symptoms can be seen in salivation, irregular steps, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, convulsions, and finally death by respiratory arrest. Rescue method: gastric lavage, catharsis, serving egg white, tannic acid, strong tea, and intravenous infusion of glucose saline can be performed when there is no convulsion. Intramuscular injection of phenobarbital and other antispasmodics during convulsions, and respiratory stimulants for respiratory disorders.
